A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
ALPHABET A
A: In DOS, Windows and OS/2 the identifier used for the first floppy disk drive.
Abort- A to abort or abandon the command that tried to access the device.
Alternate key - Any key in a database management system not specified as a primary key.
Assembler - A program that converts an assembly language program into machine language so that the computer can run the program.
Assembly language - A low level language in which each program statement must correspond to a single machine language instruction that the processor can execute.
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ALPHABET B
Back-end processor - A secondary processor that performs one specialized task very effectively, freeing the main processor for other, more important work.
Backspace Key - A key on IBM and compatible keyboards that moves the cursor one space to the left, erasing one character each time it moves.
Bit - Contraction of BInary digiT. A bit is the basic unit of information in the binary numbering system, representing either 0(for off) or 1( for on).
.BMP - A file-name extension indicating that the file contains a Windows-compatible bit-mapped graphic image. Almost all the graphics applications available for windows can create and display files in this form.
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ALPHABET C
Card- A printed circuit board or adapter that you plug into your computer to add support for a specific piece of hardware not normall present on the computer.
Case-Sensitive - Distinguishing between upper-case and lower-case letters in an application program or programming language. For example, a case-sensitive search for Mother will not find the words mother or MOTHER.
Click - To press and release a mouse button quickly, often used when making as selection.
Clip Art- A set of non-coprighted or public domain graphical images, photographs ,maps or line art, ususally on disk, that you can import into a word processor, desktop publishing program, or presentation graphics program and incorporate into other documents. you can then resize, rotate or edit the image to your satisfaction.
CLS- A DOS and OS/2 command that clears the computer screen, leaving only the command prompt and the cursor in the home position at the upper-left corner of the screen. Cluster- The smallest unit of hard disk space that DOS can allocate to a file, consisting of one or more contiguous sectors. The number of sectors contained in a cluster depends on the hard disk type.
CMY - Acronym for Cyan - Magenta-Yellow. A color model, used in color separations, that uses three separations. CMY starts, with white and subtracts percentages of cyan,magenta , or yellow to produce the required color.
CMYK- Acronym for Cyan- Magenta-Yellow-blacK. A color model, used in color separations, that adds a black component to the CMY color model.
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ALPHABET D
Data - Information in a form suitable for processing by a computer , such as the digital representation of text , numbers , graphic images , or sounds.
Database- A collection of related objects, including tables, forms, report queries and scripts , create and organized by a database management system.
Data type- The kind of data being stored or manipulated . For example, data types include numeric, alphanumeric ,date, logical memo , formatted memo, short number, currency, OLE, graphic and binary.
Date- A DOS and OS/2 command used to look at or change the system date in the computer. The operating system uses an internal clock to keep track of the date , changing it as needed at midnight every day.
Domain - The general category that a computer on the Internet belongs to. The most common high-level domains are:-
Double- Click- To press and release the mouse button rapidly, twice in quick succession, without moving the mouse. Double - clicking is used to select and object as well as to intiate an action.
Drag- In a graphical user interface, to move a selected object using the mouse.
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ALPHABET E
Echo- A DOS batch-file command used to display each line of the batch file on the screen as it executes, or to turn off that display.
E-Mail - Also called Electronic mail. The use of a network to transmit text messages, memos and reports. Users can send a message to one or more individual users, to predefined group, or to all users on the system.When you receive a message , you can read, print, forward , answer or delete it.
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ALPHABET F
Fatal error – An operating system or application program error from which there is no hope of recovery without rebooting.
Field – In a database management system, a place in a record reserved for a specific piece of information.
Field name – In a database management system, a unique name given to a field that defines that field in the database. A field name should also serve to identify the likely contents of the field.
Field type- In a database management system, the kind of data being stored in a field.
File- A named collection of data stored on disk, appearing to the user as a single entity.
File name – The name of a file on a disk used so that both you and the operating system can find the file again. Every file in a directory must have a unique name, but files in different directories can share the same name.
File – name extension- In DOS and in the OS/2 FAT file system, an optional three-character suffix added to the end of a file name ,and separated from the name by a period.
Firewall – A method of preventing unauthorized access to a computer system ,often found on networked computers.
First in , first out – Abbreviated FIFO , pronounced “fi-foe”. A method used to process information in which the first item in the list is processed first. FIFO is commonly used when printing a set of documents, the first document received in the queue is the first document to be printed.
Folder – In a graphical user interface, a collection of programs and files stored on the disk , symbolized by a graphical icon representing a file folder. A folder can contain other folders, when they are said to be nested. In the DOS world, a subdirectory is the equivalent of a folder.
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ALPHABET G
GIF file – Acronym for Graphics Interchange Format. A graphics file format commonly used on Compu-Serve; the file name extension is .GIF.
Giga – A prefix meaning 1 billion or 109.
Giga byte- Pronounced “giga a bite” . Strictly speaking , a gigabyte would be one billion bytes; however, bytes are most often counted in powers of 2 ,and so a gigabyte becomes 2 30 , or 1,073741,824 bytes.
GOTO – A DOS batch file and high-level programming control statement that tells a program to branch to another part of the program, ignoring any intermediate steps.
Graphics- A Dos command that allows graphics characters to be sent to an IBM-compatible printer with the Prtscreen key.
Graphics file format – A graphics file format defines the way in which graphical data is stored in a file by an application program.
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ALPHABET H
Hand-held computer- A portable computer that is small enough to be held in one hand.
Hard copy- Output printed on paper or film; as distinct form soft copy, which is information recorded on disk or tape, or displayed on the screen.
Hard disk- The part of a hard disk drive that stores data, rather than a mechanism for reading and writing to it.
Hardware- All the physical electronic components of a computer system, including peripherals, printed circuit boards, displays and printers; if you can stub your toe on it, it must be hardware.
Help – also known as online help. Information stored on disk that the user can access directly which provides assistance and advice on running the program. You can access this information form the help menu in an application or by clicking on the help button found in almost all dialog boxes.
Help button- In a graphical user interface, a button found in almost all dialog boxes along with the OK button and the Cancel button. Use the help button to display online help information.
Hot key- A keyboard shortcut used to access a menu selection. Hot keys are often used to invoke terminate and stay resident programs.
HTML- Abbreviation for Hypertext Markup Language . A standardized hypertext language used to create World Wide Web pages and other hypertext documents.
HTTP- Abbreviation for Hypertext Transport Protocol . The protocol used to manage the links between one hypertext document and another.
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ALPHABET I
i-beam cursor- In a graphical user interface, a mouse pointer used when editing text . The i-beam cursor is thin enough that you can position it between text characters very precisely for inserting text or to highlight text for editing.
Icon – In a graphical user interface, a small screen image representing a specific element that the user can manipulate in some way. You select the icon by clicking a mouse or other pointing device.
Instruction- Any statement in a computer programming language, although most often used to refer to assembly-language programming.
Internal modem- A modem that plugs into the expansion bus of a personal computer.
Internet- Abbreviation for internetwork. A set of computer network, made up of a large number of smaller networks, using different networking protocols.
Internet address – An IP or domain address which identifies a specific node on the internet.
Interrupt- A signal to the processor generated by a device under its control that interrupts normal processing.
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ALPHABET J
Joint Photographic Experts group – Abbreviated JPEG, pronounced “jay-peg”. An image compression standard and file format developed as a joint effort of CCITT and ISO.
Joystick- A popular multidirectional pointing device, used extensively in many computer games, as well as in certain professional applications such as computer aided design(CAD).
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ALPHABET K
Kernel- The most fundamental part of an operating system. The kernel stays resident in memory at all times, often hidden form the user, and manages system memory, the file system , and disk operations.
Key – A key can be the code used to encrypt or decrypt important data.
Keyboard- The typewriter-like set of keys used to input data and control commands to the computer. Most keyboards use a QWERTY layout, and may also have a calculator-like numeric keypad off to one side, as well as a set of cursor-movement keys.
Key stroke- The a action of pressing and then releasing a key on the keyboard to initiate some action or enter a character .
Keyword- Any of the words that makes up the vocabulary of a particular programming language or set of operating system commands and utilities.
Kilobit- Abbreviated Kb or Kbit. 1024 bits
Kilobits per second- Abbreviated Kbps. The number of bits, or binary digits, transmitted every second, measured in multiples of 1024 bits per second. Used as an indicator of communication transmission rate.
Kilobyte – Abbreviated K,KB, or Kbyte. 1024 bytes.
ALPHABET L
Laptop Computer – A small portable computer light enough to carry comfortably, with a flat screen and keyboard that fold together.
LCD monitor- A monitor that uses liquid –crystal display technology. Many laptop and notebook computers use LCD displays because of their low power requirements.
Leased Line- A communication circuit or telephone line reserved for the permanent use of a specific customer. May also be called a private line.
Light Pen- A light –sensitive input device shaped like a pen, used to draw on the computer screen or to make menu selections.
Local Area Network- Abbreviated LAN. A group of computers and associated peripherals connected by a communications channel capable of sharing files and other resources between several users.
Local Disk – In networking, a disk attached to a workstation rather than to the File Server.
Local Printer – In networking, a printer attached to a workstation rather than to the File Server or a print server.
Local Talk –The cables and connectors available form Apple for connecting Macintosh computers together using the built- in AppleTalk network hardware.
Locked file- A file that you can open and read, but not write to ,delete , or change in any way.
Low Level Language- In programming, a language close to machine language. All assembly languages are considered to be low-level languages.
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ALPHABET M
Mail Bomb – To send thousands of e-mail messages to the same e-mail address as an indication of your disgust with something that the e-mail address owner said online or in a USENET newsgroup.
Mailbox- In e-mail systems, an area of hard disk space used to store electronic mail messages until you can access them. An on-screen message often tells you that you have mail.
Megabit- Abbreviated Mbit. . ?Usually 1,0485476 binary digits or bits of data. Often used as equivalent to 1 million bits.
Megabyte- Abbreviated MB. Usually 1,048,576 bytes. Megabytes area common way of representing computer memory or hard disk capacity.
Microcode- Very low-level instructions that define how a particular processor works by specifying what the processor does when it executes a machine-language instruction.
Micro computer- Any computer based on a single-chip processor. Many modern microcomputers are as powerful or even more powerful than mainframe computers from a few years ago.
Milli- Abbreviated m. A prefix meaning one thousandth in the metric system, often expressed as 10-3.
Millisecond- Abbreviated ms or msec. A unit of measurement equal to one thousandth of a second. In computing, hard disk and CD-ROM drive access times are often described in terms of milliseconds, the higher the number the slower the disk system.
Minicomputer – A medium-sized computer system capable of managing over 100 users simultaneously, suitable for use in a small company or single corporate or government department.
Motherboard – the printed circuit board in a computer that contains the central processing unit, appropriate coprocessor and support chips, device controllers, memory, and also expansion slots to give access to the computer’s internal bus.
Mouse- A small input device with one or more buttons used as for pointing or drawing.
Multi tasking- the simultaneous execution of two or more programs in one computer.
Multithreading- The concurrent processing of several task or threads inside the same program. Because several tasks can be processed in parallel , one task does not have to wait for another to finish before starting.
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ALPHABET N
NanoSecond- Abbreviated ns. One –billonth of second. The sped of computer memory and logic chips is measured in nanoseconds.
Network- A group of computers and associated peripherals connected by a communications channel capable of sharing files and other resources between several users.
Numeric Keypad- A set of keys to the right of the main part of the keyboard, used for numeric data entry.
NUMLOCK – A DOS command you can use in a menu block in your CONFIG.SYS file to specify whether the num lock key on your numeric computer keypad is on or off by default.
Num Lock Key – The key on the keyboard that toggles the function of the numeric keypad between entering numbers and moving the cursor.
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ALPHABET O
Oblique- A style of sans-serif or roman typeface made by slanting the characters to the right to simulate italic type.
Offline- Describes a printer or other peripheral that is not currently in ready mode and is therefore unavailable for use.
Option Key- A key on the Macintosh keyboard that, when presses in combination with another key, produces special characters like boxes, international characters and special punctuation marks.
Output- Computer generated information that is displayed on the screen, printed, written to the disk or tape, or sent over a communication link to another computer.
Overstrike- To type or print a character directly on top of another so that the result is a combination of the two characters.
ALPHABET P
Packet- Any block of data sent over a network. Each packet contains information about the sender and the receiver and error-control information , in addition to the actual message.
Parallel Port- An input/output port that manages information 8 bits at a time, often used to connect a parallel printer.
Parallel Printer- Any printer that can be connected to the computer using the parallel port.
Password- A security method that identifies a specific authorized user of a computer system or network , by a unique string of characters that a user types a s an identification code.
PC Card- A term describing add-in cards that conform to the PCMIA standard.
ALPHABET Q
QBASIC- A command first introduced with DOS 5 that starts the Microsoft QBASIC programming environment , the BASIC interpreter bundled with DOS.
Query-In a database management system, a method of retrieving and displaying specific data from the database.
QWERTY keyboard- Pronounced “ KWE-TEE”. The standard typewriter and computer keyboard layout, named for the first six keys at the top left of the alphabetic keyboard.
Quit – To exit from the current application program in an orderly way, and return control to the operating system.
Question mark- A DOS and Os/2 wildcard character used to represent a single character in a filename or filename extension.
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ALPHABET R
RAM- Acronym for random access memory. The main system memory in a computer, used for the operating system , application programs and data.
Read- To copy program or data files form a floppy or a hard disk into computer memory, to run the program or process the data in some way.
Reboot- To restart the computer and reload the operating system, usually after a crash.
Refresh – In a monitor, to recharge the phosphors on the inside of the screen and maintain the images.
Reset Button- The small button on the front of many computers used to reboot the computer without turning off the computer.
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ALPHABET S
Save – To transfer information form the computer’s memory to a more permanent storage medium such as a hard disk.
Scroll- In a graphical user interface, to move a window up, down ,left, right in order to see information that was previously out of sight.
Select- the act of choosing a menu item or highlighting an option. When you make a selection, you expect a specific action to result.
Serial Mouse-A mouse that attaches directly to one of the computer’s serial ports.
Serial printer- A printer that attaches to one of the computer’s serial ports.
ALPHABET T
Task-Any independent running program, and the set of system resources that it uses.
Tera- Abbreviated T. a prefix meaning 1012 in the metric system , 1000,000,000,000, commonly referred to as 1 trillion in the American numbering system, and one million in the British numbering system.
Tera-Byte- Abbreviated TB. In computing, usually 240 or 1,099,511,627,776 bytes. A terabyte is equivalent to 1,000 gigabytes and usually refers to extremely large hard disk capacities.
Topology- The map of a network. Physical topology describes where the cables are run and the workstations or nodes are located.
Trojan Horse- A type of virus that pretends to be a useful program , such as a game, or a utility program, when in reality it contain special code that will intentionally damage any system onto which it is loaded.
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ALPHABET U
UDP- Abbreviation for User Datagram Protocol. The transport –level protocol used in the TCP/IP suite of protocols.
Undo- In an application program, to reverse the last editing operation, there may be more than none level of undo available , depending on the program.
Uplink- The transmission of information from and earth station to a communications satellite.
User-friendly- A term meaning easy to learn and easy to use unfortunately it has been misused so often that it has little real meaning any more.
URL- Abbreviation for uniform Resource locator, pronounces “Earl”. A method of accessing internet resources.
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ALPHABET V
Value- In a spreadsheet, the numeric contents of a cell. A value may be a constant or may be calculated by a formula.
Variable- In programming a named storage location that may take different values, but only one at a time.
Virus- A program intended to damage your computer system without your knowledge or permission. A virus may attach itself to another program, or to the partition table or the boot track on your hard disk.
Visual BASIC- A popular BASIC language compiler from Microsoft, available for Dos and for windows.
Volatile Memory- Any memory system that dose not maintain its contents when power is lost. Normal computer memory, whether dynamic RAM or static RAM is volatile.
ALPHABET W
Wallpaper- In Microsoft windows, the graphical pattern on the desktop used as a backdrop for windows, icons and dialog boxes.
Web Browser- A world wide Web client application that lets you look at hypertext documents and follow links to other HTML documents on the web.
Wide area Network- A network that connects users across large distances, and often crosses the geographical boundaries of cities or states.
Window- In a graphical user interface, a rectangular portion of the screen that acts as a viewing area for application programs.
Word- A computer’s natural unit of storage. A word can be 8bits,16bits,32bits or 64bits in size.
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ALPHABET X
Xbase- The standardized programming language underlying FoxPro, dBASE, Clipper and other database management systems.
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ALPHABET Y
Yellow book- The definition of the standard storage format for compact disk data, also referred to as the CD-ROM format.
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ALPHABET Z
Zero- In a programming , to set a variable, a set of bits, or an area of memory to zero.
Zap- To remove permanently equivalent to erase
DOMAIN NAMES
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